🌊 Understanding Hot Pursuit under International Law

When it comes to maritime security, one of the most fascinating and essential legal tools is the right of hot pursuit. Rooted in Article 111 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), this doctrine allows coastal States to extend their enforcement powers beyond territorial waters under specific conditions. Let’s break it down.


🚨 What is Hot Pursuit?

Hot pursuit refers to a coastal State’s right to pursue and arrest a foreign vessel that has violated its laws, even if the vessel flees into international waters. It’s a critical mechanism to prevent ships from escaping legal responsibility simply by crossing maritime boundaries.


βš“ When Does Hot Pursuit Apply?

The pursuit must begin when the foreign vessel is still within:

  • Internal waters,
  • Archipelagic waters,
  • Territorial sea, or
  • Contiguous zone (for protective violations only).

Importantly, the pursuit must start without delay and continue uninterrupted onto the high seas. If the vessel enters the territorial waters of another State, the pursuit must stop.


🚁 Who Can Pursue?

Only specific State authorities are authorized to conduct a hot pursuit:

  • Warships,
  • Military aircraft, or
  • Government vessels/aircraft clearly marked as official.

These entities must issue a visual or audible order to stop, which the vessel can perceive.


πŸ›‘οΈ Legal and Practical Considerations

Before initiating pursuit, authorities must confirm that the vessel was within the jurisdictional waters when the violation occurred. In the case of aircraft, the pursuit must remain active or coordinate with ships to make an arrest.

If a coastal State conducts an unjustified hot pursuit or wrongfully arrests a vessel, it can be held liable for compensation.


🌍 Why It Matters

Hot pursuit plays a pivotal role in combatting:

  • Drug smuggling,
  • Illegal fishing,
  • Human trafficking, and
  • Other transnational maritime crimes.

It allows coastal States to protect their marine resources, uphold the rule of law at sea, and ensure that violators cannot simply escape by crossing invisible lines.


If you’re interested, I can draft a follow-up post with real-world cases of hot pursuit or best practices for maritime law enforcement. Let me know! 🌊✍️

🌊 ν•« 퍼슈트(HOT PURSUIT)λž€ 무엇인가?

κ΅­μ œν•΄μ–‘λ²•μ—μ„œ ν•« νΌμŠˆνŠΈλŠ” μ—°μ•ˆκ΅­μ΄ 자ꡭ 법령을 μœ„λ°˜ν•œ μ™Έκ΅­ 선박을 자ꡭ μ˜ν•΄ λ°–κΉŒμ§€ 좔적할 수 μžˆλŠ” κΆŒλ¦¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 이 κΆŒλ¦¬λŠ” UNCLOS(μœ μ—”ν•΄μ–‘λ²•ν˜‘μ•½) 제111쑰에 λͺ…μ‹œλ˜μ–΄ 있으며, λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 μš”κ±΄κ³Ό λ²”μœ„λ‘œ μ •μ˜λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€unclos_e.


πŸ”Ž 1️⃣ μ–Έμ œ ν•« νΌμŠˆνŠΈκ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œκ°€?

  • μ—°μ•ˆκ΅­ 당ꡭ이 선박이 자ꡭ의 법λ₯ Β·κ·œμ •을 μœ„λ°˜ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ¦¬μ μœΌλ‘œ 믿을 λ•Œ
  • 좔적은 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ κ·Έ 선박이 λ‚΄μˆ˜, κ΅°λ„μˆ˜μ—­, μ˜ν•΄, μ ‘μ†μˆ˜μ—­ μ•ˆμ— μžˆμ„ λ•Œ μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ•Ό 함
  • μ ‘μ†μˆ˜μ—­(Contiguous Zone)μ—μ„œλŠ” ν•΄λ‹Ή μˆ˜μ—­μ˜ 보호 λͺ©μ κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ μœ„λ°˜μΌ λ•Œλ§Œ κ°€λŠ₯

🚒 2️⃣ μ–΄λ””κΉŒμ§€ 좔적할 수 μžˆλŠ”κ°€?

  • μ˜ν•΄ λ˜λŠ” μ ‘μ†μˆ˜μ—­μ„ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜ κ³΅ν•΄κΉŒμ§€λ„ 계속 κ°€λŠ₯, 단 쀑단 없이 이어져야 함
  • 자ꡭ EEZ(λ°°νƒ€μ κ²½μ œμˆ˜μ—­)λ‚˜ λŒ€λ₯™λΆ• μ•ˆμ „κ΅¬μ—­μ—μ„œμ˜ μœ„λ°˜μ—λ„ μ€€μš©λ¨
  • 좔적은 타ꡭ μ˜ν•΄μ— μ§„μž…ν•˜λ©΄ μ¦‰μ‹œ μ’…λ£Œλ¨

πŸ“’ 3️⃣ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”κ°€?

  • μ‹œκ°μ  λ˜λŠ” 청각적으둜 선박에 μ •μ§€ λͺ…λ Ή μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό μ£Όμ–΄μ•Ό 함 (μ™Έκ΅­ 선박이 λ³Ό/듀을 수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό 함)
  • 좔적 μ „, ν•΄λ‹Ή 선박이 자ꡭ μˆ˜μ—­ 내에 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 점을 합리적 μˆ˜λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ 확인해야 함

πŸ›‘οΈ 4️⃣ λˆ„κ°€ 좔적할 수 μžˆλŠ”κ°€?

  • ꡰ함, ꡰ용 항곡기, λ˜λŠ” μ •λΆ€ 곡무에 λͺ…ν™•νžˆ ν‘œμ‹œλœ μ„ λ°•Β·ν•­κ³΅κΈ°λ§Œ μˆ˜ν–‰ κ°€λŠ₯
  • 항곡기에 μ˜ν•œ 경우, 좔적 λͺ…λ Ή ν›„ κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ μΆ”μ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 선박·항곡기에 인계해야 함

⚠️ 5️⃣ μ˜€λ‚¨μš© μ‹œ λ³΄μƒμ±…μž„

  • μ •λ‹Ήν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ κ³΅ν•΄μ—μ„œ μ •μ§€Β·μ²΄ν¬ν•œ 경우, ν•΄λ‹Ή 선박에 손해배상 μ±…μž„ λ°œμƒ

🌐 싀무 μ€‘μš”μ„±

ν•« νΌμŠˆνŠΈλŠ” ν•΄μ–‘μ—μ„œ λ§ˆμ•½ λ°€μˆ˜, λΆˆλ²• μ–΄νš, ν•΄μ ν–‰μœ„ λ“± 초ꡭ경 범죄 λŒ€μ‘μ˜ 핡심 μˆ˜λ‹¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ:

  • 적법 μ ˆμ°¨μ™€ 무λ ₯ μ‚¬μš©μ˜ μ΅œμ†Œν™” 원칙을 μ§€μΌœμ•Ό ν•˜λ©°,
  • 타ꡭ μ˜ν•΄ 쑴쀑 및 κ³Όμž‰μ§‘ν–‰ λ°©μ§€κ°€ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ”°λΌμ„œ 각ꡭ 해양경찰·해ꡰ은 법λ₯ μ  κ·Όκ±°λ₯Ό λͺ…ν™•νžˆ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³ , ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œ 체계적인 법집행 ν›ˆλ ¨μ„ λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

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